406 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
406 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
<!--
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-- This file is auto-generated from README_js.md. Changes should be made there.
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-->
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# uuid [](https://github.com/uuidjs/uuid/actions)
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For the creation of [RFC4122](http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4122.txt) UUIDs
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- **Complete** - Support for RFC4122 version 1, 3, 4, and 5 UUIDs
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- **Cross-platform** - Support for ...
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- CommonJS, [ECMAScript Modules](#ecmascript-modules) and UMD builds
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- Node 8, 10, 12
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- Chrome, Safari, Firefox, Edge, IE 11 browsers
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- Webpack and rollup.js module bundlers
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- [React Native](#react-native)
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- **Secure** - Cryptographically-strong random values
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- **Small** - Zero-dependency, small footprint, plays nice with "tree shaking" packagers
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- **CLI** - Includes the [`uuid` command line](#command-line) utility
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**Upgrading from uuid\@3?** Your code is probably okay, but check out [Upgrading
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From uuid\@3](#upgrading-from-uuid3) for details.
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## Quickstart - Node.js/CommonJS
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```shell
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npm install uuid
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```
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Once installed, decide which type of UUID you need. RFC4122 provides for four
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versions, all of which are supported here. In order of popularity, they are:
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- Version 4 (random) - Created from cryptographically-strong random values
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- Version 1 (timestamp) - Created from the system clock (plus random values)
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- Version 5 (namespace, SHA-1) - Created from user-supplied name and namespace strings
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- Version 3 (namespace, MD5) - Like version 5, above, but with a poorer hash algorithm
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**Unsure which one to use?** Use version 4 (random) unless you have a specific need for one of the other versions. See also [this FAQ](https://github.com/tc39/proposal-uuid#faq).
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### Create Version 4 (Random) UUIDs
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```javascript
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import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid';
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uuidv4(); // ⇨ '9b1deb4d-3b7d-4bad-9bdd-2b0d7b3dcb6d'
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```
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### Create Version 1 (Timestamp) UUIDs
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```javascript
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import { v1 as uuidv1 } from 'uuid';
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uuidv1(); // ⇨ '2c5ea4c0-4067-11e9-8b2d-1b9d6bcdbbfd'
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```
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### Create Version 3 or Version 5 (Namespace) UUIDs
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⚠️ Version 3 and Version 5 UUIDs are basically the same, differing
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only in the underlying hash algorithm. Note that per the RFC, "_If backward
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compatibility is not an issue, SHA-1 [Version 5] is preferred_."
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⚠️ If using a custom namespace **be sure to generate your own
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namespace UUID**. You can grab one [here](https://www.uuidgenerator.net/).
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```javascript
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import { v5 as uuidv5 } from 'uuid'; // For version 5
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import { v3 as uuidv3 } from 'uuid'; // For version 3
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// Using predefined DNS namespace (for domain names)
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uuidv5('hello.example.com', uuidv5.DNS); // ⇨ 'fdda765f-fc57-5604-a269-52a7df8164ec'
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uuidv3('hello.example.com', uuidv3.DNS); // ⇨ '9125a8dc-52ee-365b-a5aa-81b0b3681cf6'
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// Using predefined URL namespace (for URLs)
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uuidv5('http://example.com/hello', uuidv5.URL); // ⇨ '3bbcee75-cecc-5b56-8031-b6641c1ed1f1'
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uuidv3('http://example.com/hello', uuidv3.URL); // ⇨ 'c6235813-3ba4-3801-ae84-e0a6ebb7d138'
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// Using a custom namespace (See note, above, about generating your own
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// namespace UUID)
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const MY_NAMESPACE = '1b671a64-40d5-491e-99b0-da01ff1f3341';
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uuidv5('Hello, World!', MY_NAMESPACE); // ⇨ '630eb68f-e0fa-5ecc-887a-7c7a62614681'
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uuidv3('Hello, World!', MY_NAMESPACE); // ⇨ 'e8b5a51d-11c8-3310-a6ab-367563f20686'
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```
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## API
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### Version 4 (Random)
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```javascript
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import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid';
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// Incantations
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uuidv4();
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uuidv4(options);
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uuidv4(options, buffer, offset);
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```
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Generate and return a RFC4122 version 4 UUID.
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- `options` - (Object) Optional uuid state to apply. Properties may include:
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- `random` - (Number[16]) Array of 16 numbers (0-255) to use in place of randomly generated values. Takes precedence over `options.rng`.
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- `rng` - (Function) Random # generator function that returns an Array[16] of byte values (0-255). Alternative to `options.random`.
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- `buffer` - (Array | Buffer) Array or buffer where UUID bytes are to be written.
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- `offset` - (Number) Starting index in `buffer` at which to begin writing.
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Returns `buffer`, if specified, otherwise the string form of the UUID
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Example: Generate string UUID with predefined `random` values
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```javascript
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const v4options = {
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random: [
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0x10,
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0x91,
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0x56,
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0xbe,
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0xc4,
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0xfb,
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0xc1,
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0xea,
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0x71,
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0xb4,
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0xef,
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0xe1,
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0x67,
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0x1c,
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0x58,
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0x36,
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],
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};
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uuidv4(v4options); // ⇨ '109156be-c4fb-41ea-b1b4-efe1671c5836'
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```
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Example: Generate two IDs in a single buffer
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```javascript
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const buffer = new Array();
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uuidv4(null, buffer, 0); // ⇨
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// [
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// 155, 29, 235, 77, 59,
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// 125, 75, 173, 155, 221,
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// 43, 13, 123, 61, 203,
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// 109
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// ]
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uuidv4(null, buffer, 16); // ⇨
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// [
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// 155, 29, 235, 77, 59, 125, 75, 173,
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// 155, 221, 43, 13, 123, 61, 203, 109,
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// 27, 157, 107, 205, 187, 253, 75, 45,
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// 155, 93, 171, 141, 251, 189, 75, 237
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// ]
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```
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### Version 1 (Timestamp)
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```javascript
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import { v1 as uuidv1 } from 'uuid';
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// Incantations
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uuidv1();
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uuidv1(options);
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uuidv1(options, buffer, offset);
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```
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Generate and return a RFC4122 version 1 (timestamp) UUID.
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- `options` - (Object) Optional uuid state to apply. Properties may include:
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- `node` - (Array) Node id as Array of 6 bytes (per 4.1.6). Default: Randomly generated ID. See note 1.
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- `clockseq` - (Number between 0 - 0x3fff) RFC clock sequence. Default: An internally maintained clockseq is used.
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- `msecs` - (Number) Time in milliseconds since unix Epoch. Default: The current time is used.
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- `nsecs` - (Number between 0-9999) additional time, in 100-nanosecond units. Ignored if `msecs` is unspecified. Default: internal uuid counter is used, as per 4.2.1.2.
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- `random` - (Number[16]) Array of 16 numbers (0-255) to use for initialization of `node` and `clockseq` as described above. Takes precedence over `options.rng`.
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- `rng` - (Function) Random # generator function that returns an Array[16] of byte values (0-255). Alternative to `options.random`.
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- `buffer` - (Array | Buffer) Array or buffer where UUID bytes are to be written.
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- `offset` - (Number) Starting index in `buffer` at which to begin writing.
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Returns `buffer`, if specified, otherwise the string form of the UUID
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Note: The default [node id](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4122#section-4.1.6) (the last 12 digits in the UUID) is generated once, randomly, on process startup, and then remains unchanged for the duration of the process.
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Example: Generate string UUID with fully-specified options
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```javascript
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const v1options = {
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node: [0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0xab],
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clockseq: 0x1234,
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msecs: new Date('2011-11-01').getTime(),
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nsecs: 5678,
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};
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uuidv1(v1options); // ⇨ '710b962e-041c-11e1-9234-0123456789ab'
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```
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Example: In-place generation of two binary IDs
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```javascript
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// Generate two ids in an array
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const arr = new Array();
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uuidv1(null, arr, 0); // ⇨
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// [
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// 44, 94, 164, 192, 64,
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// 103, 17, 233, 146, 52,
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// 27, 157, 107, 205, 187,
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// 253
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// ]
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uuidv1(null, arr, 16); // ⇨
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// [
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// 44, 94, 164, 192, 64, 103, 17, 233,
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// 146, 52, 27, 157, 107, 205, 187, 253,
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// 44, 94, 164, 193, 64, 103, 17, 233,
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// 146, 52, 27, 157, 107, 205, 187, 253
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// ]
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```
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### Version 5 (Namespace)
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```javascript
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import { v5 as uuidv5 } from 'uuid';
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// Incantations
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uuidv5(name, namespace);
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uuidv5(name, namespace, buffer);
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uuidv5(name, namespace, buffer, offset);
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```
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Generate and return a RFC4122 version 5 UUID.
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- `name` - (String | Array[]) "name" to create UUID with
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- `namespace` - (String | Array[]) "namespace" UUID either as a String or Array[16] of byte values
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- `buffer` - (Array | Buffer) Array or buffer where UUID bytes are to be written.
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- `offset` - (Number) Starting index in `buffer` at which to begin writing. Default = 0
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Returns `buffer`, if specified, otherwise the string form of the UUID
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Example:
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```javascript
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uuidv5('hello world', MY_NAMESPACE); // ⇨ '9f282611-e0fd-5650-8953-89c8e342da0b'
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```
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### Version 3 (Namespace)
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⚠️ Note: Per the RFC, "_If backward compatibility is not an issue, SHA-1 [Version 5] is preferred_."
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```javascript
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import { v3 as uuidv3 } from 'uuid';
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// Incantations
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uuidv3(name, namespace);
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uuidv3(name, namespace, buffer);
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uuidv3(name, namespace, buffer, offset);
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```
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Generate and return a RFC4122 version 3 UUID.
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- `name` - (String | Array[]) "name" to create UUID with
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- `namespace` - (String | Array[]) "namespace" UUID either as a String or Array[16] of byte values
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- `buffer` - (Array | Buffer) Array or buffer where UUID bytes are to be written.
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- `offset` - (Number) Starting index in `buffer` at which to begin writing. Default = 0
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Returns `buffer`, if specified, otherwise the string form of the UUID
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Example:
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```javascript
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uuidv3('hello world', MY_NAMESPACE); // ⇨ '042ffd34-d989-321c-ad06-f60826172424'
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```
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## Command Line
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UUIDs can be generated from the command line using `uuid`.
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```shell
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$ uuid
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ddeb27fb-d9a0-4624-be4d-4615062daed4
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```
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The default is to generate version 4 UUIDS, however the other versions are supported. Type `uuid --help` for details:
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```
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$ uuid --help
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Usage:
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uuid
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uuid v1
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uuid v3 <name> <namespace uuid>
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uuid v4
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uuid v5 <name> <namespace uuid>
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uuid --help
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Note: <namespace uuid> may be "URL" or "DNS" to use the corresponding UUIDs
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defined by RFC4122
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```
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## ECMAScript Modules
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For usage in the browser `uuid` provides support for [ECMAScript
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Modules](https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-modules) (ESM) that enable
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tree-shaking for bundlers, like [rollup.js](https://rollupjs.org/guide/en/#tree-shaking)
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([example](./examples/browser-rollup/)) and [webpack](https://webpack.js.org/guides/tree-shaking/)
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([example](./examples/browser-webpack/)).
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```javascript
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import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid';
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uuidv4(); // ⇨ '1b9d6bcd-bbfd-4b2d-9b5d-ab8dfbbd4bed'
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```
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There is experimental native ESM support for [the browser](./examples/browser-esmodules/) but it
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should not be considered ready for production use and may change or disappear in future releases.
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To run the examples you must first create a dist build of this library in the module root:
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```
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npm run build
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```
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## UMD Builds
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If you want to load a minified UMD build directly in the browser you can use one of the popular npm
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CDNs:
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```html
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<script src="https://unpkg.com/uuid@latest/dist/umd/uuidv4.min.js"></script>
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<script>
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alert(uuidv4());
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</script>
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```
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or
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```html
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<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/uuid@latest/dist/umd/uuidv4.min.js"></script>
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<script>
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alert(uuidv4());
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</script>
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```
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Available bundles:
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- https://unpkg.com/uuid@latest/dist/umd/
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- https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/uuid@latest/dist/umd/
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## "getRandomValues() not supported"
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This error occurs in environments where the standard
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[`crypto.getRandomValues()`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Crypto/getRandomValues)
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API is not supported. This issue can be resolved by adding an appropriate polyfill:
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### React Native
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1. Install [`react-native-get-random-values`](https://github.com/LinusU/react-native-get-random-values#readme)
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1. Import it before `uuid`:
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```javascript
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import 'react-native-get-random-values';
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import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid';
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```
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### Web Workers / Service Workers (Edge <= 18)
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[In Edge <= 18, Web Crypto is not supported in Web Workers or Service
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Workers](https://caniuse.com/#feat=cryptography) and we are not aware of a polyfill (let us know if
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you find one, please).
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## Upgrading From uuid\@3
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"_Wait... what happened to uuid\@4 - uuid\@6?!?_"
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In order to avoid confusion with RFC [version 4](#version-4-random) and [version
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5](#version-5-namespace) UUIDs, and a possible [version
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6](http://gh.peabody.io/uuidv6/), releases 4 thru 6 of this module have been
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skipped. Hence, how we're now at uuid\@7.
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### Deep Requires Now Deprecated
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uuid\@3 encouraged the use of deep requires to minimize the bundle size of
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browser builds:
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```javascript
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const uuidv4 = require('uuid/v4'); // <== NOW DEPRECATED!
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uuidv4();
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```
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As of uuid\@7 this library now provides ECMAScript modules builds, which allow
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packagers like Webpack and Rollup to do "tree-shaking" to remove dead code.
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Instead, use the `import` syntax:
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```javascript
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import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid';
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uuidv4();
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```
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... or for CommonJS:
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```javascript
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const { v4: uuidv4 } = require('uuid');
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uuidv4();
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```
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### Default Export Removed
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uuid\@3 was exporting the Version 4 UUID method as a default export:
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```javascript
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const uuid = require('uuid'); // <== REMOVED!
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```
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This usage pattern was already discouraged in uuid\@3 and has been removed in uuid\@7.
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----
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Markdown generated from [README_js.md](README_js.md) by [](https://github.com/broofa/runmd) |