diff --git a/db/final_db.sql b/db/final_db.sql
index 2d85f46..94d3802 100644
--- a/db/final_db.sql
+++ b/db/final_db.sql
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ CREATE TABLE users (
     deleted BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
     updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
-    last_login_at TIMESTAMPTZ
+    last_login_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
 );
 CREATE TRIGGER trg_users_updated_at BEFORE UPDATE ON users FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION set_updated_at();
 
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ CREATE TABLE listings (
 
     -- DENORMALIZED COLUMNS (Auto-filled by Trigger)
     -- These exist so the Home Feed doesn't need to join 4 tables
-    filter_species_id UUID, 
+    filter_species_id UUID,
     filter_breed_id UUID,
     filter_sex sex_enum,
     filter_age_months INT,
@@ -345,8 +345,10 @@ CREATE TABLE custom_requirements (
     requirement_text TEXT NOT NULL,
     status requirement_status_enum NOT NULL DEFAULT 'open',
     deleted BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE,
-    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
 );
+CREATE TRIGGER trg_custom_requirements_updated_at BEFORE UPDATE ON custom_requirements FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION set_updated_at();
 
 -- New: High-speed analytics buffer
 CREATE TABLE listing_analytics_events (
@@ -382,6 +384,7 @@ CREATE TABLE reviews (
     updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW(),
     UNIQUE(listing_id, reviewer_id)
 );
+CREATE TRIGGER trg_reviews_updated_at BEFORE UPDATE ON reviews FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION set_updated_at();
 
 -- 10. CHAT & COMMUNICATIONS
 -- ======================================================
@@ -417,8 +420,11 @@ CREATE TABLE messages (
     is_read BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE,
     read_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
     deleted BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE,
-    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
 );
+CREATE TRIGGER trg_messages_updated_at BEFORE UPDATE ON messages FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION set_updated_at();
+
 -- Efficient Index for Cursor Pagination: (conversation as filter, id as cursor)
 CREATE INDEX idx_messages_pagination ON messages(conversation_id, id DESC) WHERE deleted = FALSE;
 
@@ -431,8 +437,10 @@ CREATE TABLE communication_records (
     call_status call_status_enum NOT NULL,
     duration_seconds INT DEFAULT 0,
     call_recording_url TEXT,
-    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
 );
+CREATE TRIGGER trg_communication_records_updated_at BEFORE UPDATE ON communication_records FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION set_updated_at();
 
 -- 11. AUTOMATION TRIGGERS
 -- ======================================================